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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory

Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of information more...
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...
Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
05:38

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

Published on: June 29, 2021

Conceptual coherence affects phonological activation of context objects during object naming.

Frank Oppermann1, Jörg D Jescheniak1, Herbert Schriefers2

  • 1University of Leipzig.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|May 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Conceptual coherence in scenes influences speech planning by affecting phonological processing of objects. This means related items in a scene activate each other during word retrieval.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
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Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Speech Production

Background:

  • Understanding how the brain retrieves words during speech production is crucial.
  • Investigating the scope of phonological processing is key to understanding word selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if phonological processing during speech planning is limited to the target object or extends to context objects.
  • To examine the role of conceptual coherence in modulating phonological activation.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted four picture-word interference experiments.
  • Presented speakers with a target object alongside a context object.
  • Used phonologically related and unrelated auditory distractors for target and context objects.

Main Results:

  • Phonological activation of context objects occurred when objects were in a conceptually coherent scene.
  • This activation persisted regardless of how the target object was cued (thematic role or color).
  • Phonological activation of context objects diminished when objects were presented in an arbitrary array.

Conclusions:

  • Conceptual coherence significantly impacts information flow within the conceptual-lexical system during speech planning.
  • The findings suggest that semantic relationships between objects influence phonological processing.
  • Speech planning is not solely focused on the target but is influenced by the broader scene context.