The ideal rotation flap: an experimental study

Numerous modifications exist and opinions vary between surgeons with regard to the design of the ideal rotation flap. A literature review revealed inconsistencies as well as three different designs of rotation flap (standard rotation flap, Ahuja's modified rotation flap, divine rotation flap) based on entirely different concepts. It is not clear which of these designs serves its purpose best in wound reconstruction since they have not been previously examined experimentally and directly compared. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal rotation flap design in wound reconstruction. Several modifications of the standard rotation flap are examined and the three different rotation flap designs are directly compared.

This study tests the ability of various rotation flaps to close triangulated defects on sheets of neoprene, a synthetic rubber compound. Section A examines four important features in the design of the standard rotation flap: triangulation of a lesion, rotation flap circumference, pivot point and the back cut. Section B compares the standard rotation flap, Ahuja's modified rotation flap and the divine rotation flap. Tension resulting from wound closure is measured and the length of scar calculated.

The standard rotation flap remains superior in comparison to the modified rotation flap and the divine rotation flap. Triangulation of a lesion should be performed with care and, in particular, the apex of the triangle should coincide with the geometrical pivot point. A flap circumference more than five times the width of the defect is of minimal benefit. The back cut is an effective modification and should be used if necessary.