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Related Concept Videos

Toxicity Testing in Animals01:23

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...
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Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
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Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...

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A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans
09:01

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Published on: March 14, 2019

Public consortium efforts in toxicogenomics.

William B Mattes1

  • 1Department of Toxicology, The Critical Path Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|May 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Public consortia accelerate toxicogenomics research by pooling resources for expensive studies. These collaborations address reproducibility, assay standards, and data analysis, demonstrating significant collective impact.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicogenomics
  • Genomics in risk assessment
  • Public health research

Background:

  • Public consortia facilitate collaborative research addressing complex scientific questions.
  • Toxicogenomics research, particularly microarray analysis, requires substantial resources often beyond single organizations.
  • Several key consortia have emerged in toxicogenomics to tackle these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role and impact of public consortia in advancing toxicogenomics research.
  • To identify prominent consortia and their contributions to the field.
  • To showcase how collaborative efforts address resource-intensive research questions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of efforts from five major toxicogenomics consortia.
  • Identification of common challenges and research areas addressed by these consortia.
  • Analysis of the collective impact of pooled resources and expertise.

Main Results:

  • Five prominent consortia (ILSI HESI, Toxicogenomics Research Consortium, MAQC, InnoMed PredTox, Predictive Safety Testing Consortium) have made significant contributions.
  • Consortia efforts have successfully addressed microarray reproducibility, assay standardization, and data analysis robustness.
  • These collaborations have demonstrated the relevance of toxicogenomics findings to traditional risk assessment endpoints.

Conclusions:

  • Public consortia are vital for overcoming resource limitations in toxicogenomics.
  • Collaborative efforts enhance the reliability, standardization, and application of toxicogenomic data.
  • The pooling of resources, expertise, and insights within consortia significantly advances the field of toxicogenomics and its application in risk assessment.