Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I01:30

Plane Electromagnetic Waves I

The existence of combined electric and magnetic fields that propagate through space as electromagnetic (EM) waves is the most significant prediction of Maxwell's equations. As Maxwell's equations hold in free space, the predicted electromagnetic waves do not require a medium for their propagation. An EM wave comprises an electric field, defined as the force per charge on a stationary charge, and a magnetic field, which is the force per charge on a moving charge.
The EM field is assumed to be a...
Electromagnetic Wave Equation01:24

Electromagnetic Wave Equation

Maxwell's equations for electromagnetic fields are related to source charges, either static or moving. These fields act on a test charge, whose trajectory can thus be determined using suitable boundary conditions. The objective of electromagnetism is thus theoretically complete.
However, although electric and magnetic fields were first introduced as mathematical constructs to simplify the description of mutual forces between charges, a natural question emerges from Maxwell's equations: What...
Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism01:29

Maxwell's Equation Of Electromagnetism

James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the major contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. Although he died young, he made major contributions to the development of the kinetic theory of gases, to the understanding of color vision, and to understanding the nature of Saturn's rings. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge on the laws of electricity and magnetism with his insights into a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, which is represented by...
Standing Electromagnetic Waves01:15

Standing Electromagnetic Waves

Electromagnetic waves can be reflected; the surface of a conductor or a dielectric can act as a reflector. As electric and magnetic fields obey the superposition principle, so do electromagnetic waves. The superposition of an incident wave and a reflected electromagnetic wave produces a standing wave analogous to the standing waves created on a stretched string.
Suppose a sheet of a perfect conductor is placed in the yz-plane, and a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave traveling in the...
Electromagnetic Waves01:30

Electromagnetic Waves

James Clerk Maxwell formulated a single theory combining all the electric and magnetic effects scientists knew during that time, calling the phenomena his theory predicted “Electromagnetic waves”. He brought together all the work that had been done by brilliant physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and Faraday and added his own insights to develop the overarching theory of electromagnetism. Maxwell’s equations, combined with the Lorentz force law, encompass all the laws of electricity and...
Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.The first shell is closest to the nucleus, and it has only one subshell with a single spherical orbital called the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sfrp4 Is Required for Proper Dental Formation and Stem Cell Regulation.

Journal of dental research·2026
Same author

Seismically induced fault leakage from the Val d'Agri hydrocarbon reservoir (Southern Italy).

The Science of the total environment·2025
Same author

Paley-Wiener partially coherent sources.

Optics letters·2024
Same author

Affine diffractive beam dividers.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2024
Same author

Tracking flowpaths in a complex karst system through tracer test and hydrogeochemical monitoring: Implications for groundwater protection (Gran Sasso, Italy).

Heliyon·2024
Same author

The role of mesotherapy in the management of spinal pain. A randomized controlled study.

La Clinica terapeutica·2023
Same journal

Multi-module collaborative optimization-driven fast speckle correlation imaging in variable environments.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

Secrecy performance analysis of NOMA-UWOC systems over a vertically stratified WGG oceanic turbulence channel.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

Backscattering of plane waves in a composite system containing a rough surface and anisotropic scatterers.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

Aspherical surface construction methods based on extended Jacobi polynomials.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

OCT sidelobe suppression method based on dual-path phase sinusoidal modulation and minimum value fusion.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
Same journal

Optical design concepts using wavelength-selective diffractive optics to enable miniaturized multimodal endoscopic imaging across separated spectral ranges.

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Realizability condition for electromagnetic Schell-model sources.

F Gori1, M Santarsiero, R Borghi

  • 1Università Roma Tre, Dipartimento di Fisica, and CNISM, Via della Vasca Navale 84, Rome, Italy. gori@uniroma3.it

Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision
|May 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers established a key condition for nonnegativeness in electromagnetic Schell-model sources. This finding is crucial for understanding and synthesizing these optical sources.

More Related Videos

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children
09:32

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

Published on: June 30, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy
09:57

Electromagnetic Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Children with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy

Published on: September 20, 2024

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
07:46

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models

Published on: November 15, 2013

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children
09:32

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

Published on: June 30, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Electromagnetism
  • Mathematical Physics

Background:

  • Correlation matrices of electromagnetic sources must be nonnegative definite.
  • Electromagnetic Schell-model sources are a specific class of partially coherent sources.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Derive a necessary and sufficient condition for nonnegativeness for electromagnetic Schell-model sources.
  • Propose a synthesis procedure for these sources based on the derived condition.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical derivation of constraints on correlation functions.
  • Analysis of the properties of electromagnetic Schell-model sources.

Main Results:

  • A necessary and sufficient condition for nonnegativeness of electromagnetic Schell-model sources was derived.
  • The derived condition provides a framework for synthesizing these sources.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a fundamental constraint for electromagnetic Schell-model sources.
  • The findings facilitate the design and creation of novel optical sources.