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[Human coronaviruses].

A Vabret1, J Dina, E Brison

  • 1Laboratoire de virologie, EA 2128, centre hospitalo-universitaire de Caen, avenue Georges-Clemenceau, 14033 Caen cedex, France. vabret-a@chu-caen.fr

Pathologie-Biologie
|May 6, 2008
PubMed
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Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) infect many species and have diverse evolutionary strategies. While most HCoVs cause seasonal outbreaks, SARS-CoV emerged as a significant global threat, highlighting the need for effective detection and therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Coronaviruses (HCoVs) are a large viral family infecting mammals and birds.
  • Five human-infecting HCoVs exist: HCoVs 229E, OC43, NL63, HKU1, and SARS-CoV.
  • HCoV evolution involves mutation, recombination, host jumping, and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of human coronaviruses.
  • To discuss their epidemiology and evolutionary mechanisms.
  • To highlight challenges in detection and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on HCoV.
  • Analysis of viral genome structure and evolution.
  • Epidemiological data interpretation.

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Main Results:

  • HCoVs exhibit genetic diversity and adaptability.
  • Most HCoVs cause seasonal, widespread outbreaks.
  • SARS-CoV caused a major epidemic, controlled by public health measures.
  • HCoVs can be linked to enteric and neurological diseases.

Conclusions:

  • HCoV detection is challenging, primarily using molecular assays like RT-PCR.
  • No specific antiviral therapy is currently established for HCoVs.
  • Understanding HCoV evolution and epidemiology is crucial for public health.