Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

24.0K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.0K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

229
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
229
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

34.9K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
34.9K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

12.9K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
12.9K
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

250
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
250
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

171
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
171

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Measles in vulnerable populations: An outbreak in Roma settlements of Loire-Atlantique, France, 2019.

Journal of medical virology·2023
Same author

Characteristics of respiratory viruses' circulation through a six-year period (2016-2022) in a pediatric population in Normandy, France, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic.

Microbiology spectrum·2023
Same author

[ECOVIR: Study of a primary care cohort in of patients with Acute Respiratory Infections in Normandy, an example of pluri-professional hospital-primary care coordination].

Revue des maladies respiratoires·2022
Same author

[Emerging infectious diseases and cross-species transmissions].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2021
Same author

Revue des maladies respiratoires actualites·2021
Same author

[Erratum to "Virological diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections" [Rev. Mal. Respir. 38 (2021) 58-73]].

Revue des maladies respiratoires·2021
Same journal

[From rhizomania to viral RNAs structure functions].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[Characteristics of viral gastroenteritis in solid organ transplant patients].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[ResaFlu/FluResearchNet International symposium,Toulouse, November 26-27, 2025].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[ViRAE 2025: a landmark inaugural edition for virology at INRAE].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[13<sup>rd</sup> Cytokines annual meeting, Novembre 2-5 2025, Seattle, USA].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
Same journal

[Annual report of the French Society for Virology].

Virologie (Montrouge, France)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
09:02

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

1.6K

[Human coronaroviruses].

A Vabret1, T Mourez1, J Dina1

  • 1Laboratoire de virologie, CHU Caen, avenue Georges Clémenceau, 14033 Caen Cedex.

Virologie (Montrouge, France)
|October 23, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human coronaviruses, including common strains and SARS-CoV, cause seasonal outbreaks and emerging diseases. Their genetic flexibility aids evolution, but specific therapies remain elusive, with RT-PCR being the primary detection method.

Keywords:
coronavirusmolecular assaysrespiratory tract illnesssevere acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

More Related Videos

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

59.3K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 16, 2025

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions
09:02

Infection of Primary Nasal Epithelial Cells Grown at an Air-Liquid Interface to Characterize Human Coronavirus-Host Interactions

Published on: September 22, 2023

1.6K
Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting
08:40

Production of Pseudotyped Particles to Study Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses in a Biosafety Level 2 Setting

Published on: March 1, 2019

59.3K
Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

3.0K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology

Context:

  • Coronaviruses infect numerous mammal and bird species.
  • Five human coronaviruses (HCoVs) include HCoVs 229E, OC43, NL63, HKU1, and SARS-CoV.
  • Coronaviruses possess a single-stranded RNA genome (~30 kb) prone to mutation and recombination.

Purpose:

  • To review the characteristics, evolution, and epidemiology of human coronaviruses.
  • To highlight the challenges in coronavirus detection and treatment.

Summary:

  • Coronaviruses exhibit genomic flexibility, persistent infection capabilities, and high mutation rates, facilitating their evolution.
  • Human coronaviruses present distinct epidemiological patterns: endemic seasonal circulation (HCoVs 229E, OC43, NL63) versus emerging epidemics (SARS-CoV).
  • Coronaviruses are implicated in enteric and neurological diseases, with RT-PCR as the main diagnostic tool.

Impact:

  • SARS-CoV emerged as the first new infectious disease of the millennium, causing a significant global outbreak.
  • Despite ongoing research, no specific antiviral therapies or vaccines are currently established for human coronaviruses.
  • Understanding coronavirus evolution and epidemiology is crucial for public health preparedness and response.