Strategies for managing perioperative hypertension

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Michael E Goldberg1, Fred A Weaver

  • 1University of Medicine and Dentisty of New Jersey Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA. goldberg-mike@cooperhealth.edu

Critical Care Clinics
|May 7, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Hypertension management is crucial for surgical patients. Preoperative evaluation guides treatment, with options like beta-blockers and parenteral agents for emergencies, ensuring better surgical outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hypertension is a prevalent global health issue.
  • Perioperative hypertension, caused by vasoconstriction, poses significant risks.
  • Identifying the cause of hypertension pre-surgery is vital for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and therapeutic strategies for managing hypertension in the perioperative period.
  • To highlight the importance of preoperative assessment for optimizing treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of hypertension management in surgical settings.
  • Analysis of pharmacological interventions for perioperative hypertension.

Main Results:

  • Preoperative hypertension requires careful etiological evaluation.
  • Oral beta-adrenergic receptor blockers and alpha2-adrenergic receptor antagonists are common preoperative treatments.
  • Parenteral agents like sodium nitroprusside, esmolol, and nicardipine are used for hypertensive emergencies and intra/postoperative management.

Conclusions:

  • Effective perioperative hypertension management is essential for patient outcomes.
  • A tailored approach considering preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases is necessary.
  • Pharmacological interventions vary based on the clinical scenario and urgency.

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