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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

Published on: May 16, 2021

Carbohydrate-supplement form and exercise performance.

Caitlin Campbell¹, Diana Prince, Marlia Braun

¹Sports Performance Laboratory, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95616-5270, USA.

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

|May 7, 2008

Summary

Carbohydrate sports drinks, gels, and jelly beans all effectively maintain blood glucose and enhance endurance exercise performance. These supplements were equally beneficial compared to water-only during prolonged cycling and time trials.

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Measurement of Insulin- and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Isolated and Incubated Mature Skeletal Muscle from Mice

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Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Sports Science
Exercise Physiology
Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

Ingesting carbohydrates during exercise is known to improve performance by maintaining blood glucose and sparing muscle glycogen.
The comparative effectiveness of different carbohydrate forms, such as drinks, gels, and jelly beans, on endurance performance has not been extensively studied.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the efficacy of carbohydrate sports beans, sports drinks, and gels in maintaining blood glucose levels and improving endurance exercise performance.
To compare the effects of these different carbohydrate formulations against a water-only control.

Main Methods:

Sixteen male and female athletes completed four separate exercise sessions.
Each session involved 80 minutes of cycling at 75% VO2peak followed by a 10-km time trial.
Participants consumed isocaloric amounts (0.6 g/kg/hr) of sports beans, sports drink, gel, or water, administered before, during, and after exercise.

Main Results:

Blood glucose levels decreased significantly during exercise only in the water trial.
All carbohydrate supplements (sports beans, sports drink, gel) maintained significantly higher blood glucose concentrations compared to water during both the exercise bout and the time trial.
No significant differences in blood glucose were observed between the different carbohydrate supplement types.
Time trial performance was significantly faster with all three carbohydrate supplements compared to the water-only trial.

Conclusions:

Carbohydrate sports beans, sports drinks, and gels are equally effective in maintaining blood glucose levels during prolonged exercise.
These carbohydrate formulations significantly enhance endurance exercise performance compared to consuming only water.
Athletes can utilize various forms of carbohydrate supplements to support performance during endurance events.