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Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

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Epidemiological study on BSE outbreak in Japan.

Yasuhiro Yoshikawa¹

¹Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. ayyoshi@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

|May 8, 2008

Summary

This study investigated Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) infection sources in Japan. A milk replacer is a probable cause for early cases, with later outbreaks potentially linked to indigenous spread.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Epidemiology
Infectious Disease Transmission
Food Safety

Background:

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) poses a significant risk to cattle populations and public health.
Understanding the sources and routes of BSE infection is critical for effective control and prevention strategies.
Japan's regulatory history regarding MBM (Meat and Bone Meal) feed bans provides distinct epidemiological periods.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify potential sources and transmission routes of BSE in Japan.
To evaluate the probability of various infection hypotheses.
To analyze BSE case groupings based on time and location.

Main Methods:

Epidemiological study dividing Japan's BSE risk into three distinct time stages.

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Development and statistical evaluation of hypotheses based on invasive and propagation risk scenarios.

Sequential and spatial grouping of BSE-affected cattle (Groups A, B, C, D, Pre-A, Post-D).

Main Results:

A milk replacer is identified as a highly probable source for Group-A BSE contamination.
Group-C outbreaks may have resulted from indigenous BSE propagation originating from Group-A in Hokkaido.
The hypothesis of Holland animal fat as a causative agent requires further scientific evidence for validation.

Conclusions:

Early BSE cases in Japan were likely linked to contaminated milk replacers.
Evidence suggests potential indigenous spread of BSE within Hokkaido.
Further research is needed on animal fat impurity and age-dependent susceptibility to definitively identify causative agents.