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Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...

Stroke: Introduction and Types

Stroke: Introduction and Types

A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...

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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Migraine and ischemic stroke: a debated question.

Elisabetta Del Zotto¹, Alessandro Pezzini, Alessia Giossi

¹Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Brescia, Italy. betty.delzotto@tin.it

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

|May 8, 2008

Summary

Migraine and stroke share common origins and may be linked. Migraine might predispose individuals to stroke, or stroke could trigger migraine attacks, suggesting a complex relationship.

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Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Published on: August 11, 2023

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model of Stroke

Published on: August 11, 2023

Area of Science:

Neurology
Epidemiology
Vascular Neurology

Background:

High prevalence of migraine in young stroke patients and cerebral artery dysfunction during migraine attacks suggest a comorbidity.
Silent brain lesions in migraineurs and stroke occurrence during migraine attacks with aura support a causal link.
Migraine may act as a predisposing condition for cerebral ischemia, potentially sharing common pathogenic mechanisms with ischemic stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

To review epidemiologic studies on the migraine-stroke relationship.
To discuss potential mechanisms linking migraine and ischemic stroke.
To explore whether migraine is a progressive disorder and to pose new research questions.

Main Methods:

Review of contemporary epidemiologic studies.
Discussion of potential pathogenetic mechanisms.
Analysis of evidence from specific genetic disorders (CADASIL, MELAS).

Main Results:

Migraine and ischemic stroke may share underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
Migraine can accentuate stroke risk factors, increasing the risk of cerebral ischemia.
Specific disorders like CADASIL and MELAS provide strong evidence for a migraine-stroke link.

Conclusions:

A complex relationship exists between migraine and stroke, with potential bidirectional causality.
Migraine may predispose to stroke, or stroke may trigger migraine.
Further research is needed to elucidate the precise nature of this comorbidity and its implications.