Related Concept Videos
01:47Aggression
Humans engage in aggression when they seek to cause harm or pain to another person. Aggression takes two forms depending on one’s motives: hostile or instrumental. Hostile aggression is motivated by feelings of anger with intent to cause pain; a fight in a bar with a stranger is an example of hostile aggression. In contrast, instrumental aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain (Berkowitz, 1993); a contract killer who murders for hire...
01:29Structure of Self
Sigmund Freud's model of the human psyche is often illustrated using an iceberg analogy. The iceberg's visible tip represents the conscious mind, which includes thoughts and perceptions that individuals are immediately aware of. However, the larger, submerged portion of the iceberg represents the unconscious mind, a reservoir of repressed desires, instincts, and memories. According to Freud, human behavior is primarily shaped by this hidden realm.
Components of the Mind: Id, Ego, and Superego
Components of the Mind: Id, Ego, and Superego
01:20Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.
01:26Structuralism
Structuralism, an early psychological theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt and his student Edward Bradford Titchener, sought to dissect the human mind into its most fundamental components. Wundt's groundbreaking work in his laboratory set the stage for Titchener to define structuralism's goal as cataloging the "atoms" of the mind—sensations, images, and feelings—akin to how chemists identify elements of matter.
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He employed introspection, a method...
Titchener's approach to structuralism was unique. He employed introspection, a method...
00:57Deindividuation
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
01:14Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt psychology, founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Kohler, emphasizes the importance of understanding perception as an organized whole. Developed as a counter to Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism, this approach posits that our perceptions are more than just the sum of sensory parts; they are comprehensive wholes where the relationships between parts define the perception. The principle "The whole is greater than the sum of its parts" encapsulates this view, illustrating how...
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Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2026
08:01
Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
Published on: October 28, 2020
Embodying the mind: movement as a container for destructive aggression.
Stuart W Twemlow1, Frank C Sacco, Peter Fonagy
1Menninger Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston Texas, USA. stuart.twemlow@gmail.com
American Journal of Psychotherapy
|May 9, 2008
Summary
Physically oriented therapies like yoga and martial arts, combined with psychodynamic psychotherapy, can help individuals with aggression issues. This approach utilizes embodiment to address deep-seated attachment problems within a safe therapeutic environment.
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Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Psychotherapy
- Somatic Therapies
Background:
- Individuals exhibiting aggression and nonmentalizing behaviors often show limited response to traditional talk therapy.
- Attachment disruptions can manifest as difficulties in emotional regulation and interpersonal relating.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose an integrated therapeutic approach for violent, nonmentalizing individuals.
- To explore the role of embodiment in addressing attachment issues within psychotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Combining physically oriented therapies (yoga, martial arts) with psychodynamic psychotherapy.
- Utilizing clinical vignettes to illustrate the therapeutic process.
- Focusing on embodiment as a bridge to kinesthetic and attachment experiences.
Main Results:
- Physically oriented therapies can enhance psychotherapeutic engagement for this population.
- Embodiment facilitates access to core attachment experiences.
- A safe therapeutic context is crucial for the process of embodying the mind.
Conclusions:
- An integrated approach combining movement and psychodynamic psychotherapy is critical for treating individuals with aggression and attachment difficulties.
- Embodiment offers a pathway to healing disturbed attachment patterns.
- Therapeutic alliance and a containing environment are essential for successful intervention.