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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
Published on: June 10, 2021
Direct access to 4-carboxy-1,8-naphthyridines and related compounds through Pfitzinger-type chemistry
Ruifa Zong1, Hui Zhou, Randolph P Thummel
1Department of Chemistry, 136 Fleming Building, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5003, USA.
Abstract:
The 4-carboxy-1,8-naphthyrid-2-yl moiety is a useful ligand component in that it promotes lower energy electronic absorption in its metal complexes and also provides a useful tether for anchoring the ligand to a semiconductor surface. The synthon [2-(pivaloylamino)pyrid-3-yl]oxoacetic acid ethyl ester can be easily obtained in two steps from 2-aminopyridine. The Pfitzinger-type condensation of this molecule with a 2-acetylazaaromatic species in ethanolic KOH, after acidification, directly provides bi- and tridentate ligands containing the 4-carboxy-1,8-naphthyrid-2-yl moiety.
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