Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals

Properties of Transition Metals

Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

Metal-Ligand Bonds

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Ligand-Induced Modulation of Photoluminescence in Atomically Precise Silver Nanoclusters.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

Heterometallic ludwigite M<sub>2.5</sub>T<sub>0.5</sub>(O<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>) and (M<sub>2</sub>T)(O<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>) (M = Co, Ni, Cu; T = Ti, Sn, Fe) compounds as electrocatalysts.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026

Same author

Stabilization of Ligand-Free Small Gold Nanocluster Within a Metal-Organic Framework for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution and Horseradish Peroxidase-Mimicking Catalysis in Aqueous Media.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

Emergent Nontoxic N-CQDs as Functional Nanopest Repellents against Neonicotinoid Pesticides for Sustainable Agriculture.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2026

Same author

Synthesis, structure and properties of compounds stabilized in the wolframite structure: (AA')(BB')O<sub>8</sub>; A = Zn<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup>, Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, or Cu<sup>2+</sup>, A' = Fe<sup>3+</sup>, Ga<sup>3+</sup>, In<sup>3+</sup>, Mn<sup>3+</sup>, or Sc<sup>3+</sup>, B = Nb<sup>5+</sup> or Ta<sup>5+</sup>, and B' = W<sup>6</sup>.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2026

Same author

Recent advances in atomically precise metal nanoclusters for photothermal conversion.

Chemical Society reviews·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Open-framework structures of transition-metal compounds.

Srinivasan Natarajan¹, Sukhendu Mandal

¹Framework Solids laboratory Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India. snatarajan@sscu.iisc.ernet.in

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|May 9, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Transition-metal open-frameworks, built from diverse inorganic elements and organic linkers, offer tunable properties. Their unique structures and magnetic characteristics suggest promising applications in materials science.

More Related Videos

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers

Published on: May 12, 2023

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Preparation of SNS Cobalt(II) Pincer Model Complexes of Liver Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Published on: March 19, 2020

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Inorganic Chemistry
Coordination Chemistry

Background:

Inorganic framework solids extend beyond traditional silicates and phosphates.
Emerging research focuses on organic-inorganic hybrid compounds, merging metal ion chemistry with organic linkers.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the synthesis, structures, and properties of transition-metal open-framework compounds.
To highlight the potential applications arising from their unique characteristics.

Main Methods:

Exploration of diverse inorganic building blocks (carboxylates, sulfates, etc.).
Investigation of transition metals' coordination chemistry and ligand interactions.
Analysis of structural variations based on metal ion preferences and valence states.

Main Results:

Transition-metal open-frameworks exhibit rich structural diversity due to coordination preferences.
The combination of magnetic transition metals and open frameworks offers unique properties.
Organic-inorganic hybrid compounds demonstrate significant functional potential.

Conclusions:

Transition-metal open-frameworks represent a versatile class of materials.
Their tunable structures and magnetic properties pave the way for novel applications.
This review synthesizes current knowledge on their synthesis, structure, and properties.