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Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children
Hozefa A Divan1, Leeka Kheifets, Carsten Obel
1Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.
Insights
Prenatal and postnatal cell phone exposure in children is linked to increased behavioral problems. This association, particularly strong with combined exposure, warrants public health attention due to widespread mobile phone use.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Pediatric Health
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Growing concerns regarding radiofrequency field effects on children's health.
- Limited research on the association between mobile phone use and child behavioral outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between prenatal and postnatal cell phone exposure and behavioral problems in young children.
Main Methods:
- Mothers in the Danish National Birth Cohort completed questionnaires on child behavior (Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire) and cell phone exposure at age 7.
- Data collected from 13,159 children regarding prenatal and postnatal mobile phone exposure.
Main Results:
- Children with prenatal or postnatal cell phone exposure showed higher odds of behavioral problems.
- Children with both prenatal and postnatal exposure had an odds ratio of 1.80 for higher behavioral problem scores.
- Specific issues included emotional and hyperactivity problems.
Conclusions:
- Prenatal and postnatal cell phone exposure are associated with behavioral difficulties in children around school entry age.
- Potential confounding factors may influence these associations.
- Findings highlight a potential public health concern given ubiquitous mobile phone usage.
Background:
The World Health Organization has emphasized the need for research into the possible effects of radiofrequency fields in children. We examined the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phones and behavioral problems in young children.
Methods:
Mothers were recruited to the Danish National Birth Cohort early in pregnancy. When the children of those pregnancies reached 7 years of age in 2005 and 2006, mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the current health and behavioral status of children, as well as past exposure to cell phone use. Mothers evaluated the child's behavior problems using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire.
Results:
Mothers of 13,159 children completed the follow-up questionnaire reporting their use of cell phones during pregnancy as well as current cell phone use by the child. Greater odds ratios for behavioral problems were observed for children who had possible prenatal or postnatal exposure to cell phone use. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio for a higher overall behavioral problems score was 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 1.45-2.23) in children with both prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phones.
Conclusions:
Exposure to cell phones prenatally-and, to a lesser degree, postnatally-was associated with behavioral difficulties such as emotional and hyperactivity problems around the age of school entry. These associations may be noncausal and may be due to unmeasured confounding. If real, they would be of public health concern given the widespread use of this technology.
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