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Changes in connectivity after visual cortical brain damage underlie altered visual function.

Holly Bridge1, Owen Thomas, Saâd Jbabdi

  • 1FMRIB Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK. holly.bridge@dpag.ox.ac.uk

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|May 13, 2008
PubMed
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Brain damage recovery may involve new neural connections. In blindsight, researchers found altered pathways bypassing damaged visual cortex, suggesting the brain forms new connections to regain function.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Visual System

Background:

  • The brain's capacity for compensation after damage is not fully understood.
  • Rehabilitation research questions whether recovery uses new connections or existing pathways.
  • Blindsight, where V1 destruction leaves some vision, exemplifies altered visual function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neural pathway changes in blindsight.
  • To determine if recovery involves new or existing neural connections.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) was used.
  • Compared neural pathways in a blindsight subject (GY) with V1 destruction to controls.
  • Examined pathways between the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and motion area MT+/V5.

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Main Results:

  • Both controls and GY showed an ipsilateral LGN-MT+/V5 pathway bypassing V1.
  • GY exhibited a contralateral LGN-MT+/V5 pathway and bilateral MT+/V5 connections, absent in controls.
  • Evidence suggested additional pathways, though quantification was difficult due to the lesion.

Conclusions:

  • Blindsight involves both existing alternative pathways and the formation of new connections.
  • Childhood cortical damage may strengthen or establish specific connections by utilizing alternative brain regions.