Anaphylaxis in the operating room

Area of Science:

• Anesthesiology
• Allergy and Immunology
• Critical Care Medicine

Background:

• Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur during surgical procedures.
• Identifying triggers and implementing timely management strategies are critical for patient safety in the operating room.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the literature on anaphylactic reactions in the operating room.
• To discuss the causes, clinical features, treatment, and follow-up of perioperative anaphylaxis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on anaphylaxis in the operating room setting.
• Analysis of reported causes, clinical presentations, and management protocols.

Main Results:

• Common causes include neuromuscular blocking agents, latex, antibiotics, and induction medications.
• Clinical features range from bronchospasm to cardiovascular collapse.
• Immediate administration of epinephrine, fluids, oxygen, and airway control is vital for successful outcomes.
• In-vitro and in-vivo testing aid in identifying causative agents.

Conclusions:

• Effective management necessitates collaboration among anesthesiologists, surgeons, and allergists.
• Established protocols for managing and testing suspected anaphylactic events are essential.
• Pre-operative identification of high-risk patients and adequate follow-up are key to preventing recurrence.