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Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA Splicing

Alternative RNA splicing is the regulated splicing of exons and introns to produce different mature mRNAs from a single pre-mRNA. Unlike in constitutive splicing where a single gene produces a single type of mRNA, alternative splicing allows an organism to produce multiple proteins from a single gene and plays an important role in protein diversity.
There are five types of alternative RNA splicing that vary in the ways the pre-mRNA segments are removed or retained in the mature mRNA. The first...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

RNA Splicing

RNA Splicing

Splicing is the process by which eukaryotic RNA is edited before its translation into protein. The RNA strand transcribed from eukaryotic DNA is called the primary transcript. The primary transcripts that become mRNAs are called precursor messenger RNAs (pre-mRNAs). Eukaryotic pre-mRNA contains alternating sequences of exons and introns. Exons are nucleotide sequences that code for proteins, whereas introns are the non-coding regions. In RNA splicing, introns are removed and exons are bonded...

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...

Pre-mRNA Processing

Pre-mRNA Processing

In eukaryotic cells, transcripts made by RNA polymerase are modified and processed before exiting the nucleus. Unprocessed RNA is called precursor mRNA or pre-mRNA to distinguish it from mature mRNA.
Once about 20-40 ribonucleotides have been joined together by RNA polymerase, a group of enzymes adds a “cap” to the 5’ end of the growing transcript. In this process, a 5’ phosphate is replaced by modified guanosine that has a methyl group attached to it (7-Methyl guanosine). This 5’ cap helps the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Using the E1A Minigene Tool to Study mRNA Splicing Changes

Published on: April 22, 2021

Substances that can change alternative splice-site selection.

Chiranthani Sumanasekera¹, David S Watt, Stefan Stamm

¹Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, B283, Biomedical Biological Sciences Research Building, 741 South Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.

Biochemical Society Transactions

|May 17, 2008

Summary

Alternative pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing generates protein diversity but errors cause disease. Researchers are exploring small molecules that modulate splicing, offering potential therapeutic strategies for genetic disorders.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Pharmacology

Background:

Alternative pre-mRNA splicing is crucial for eukaryotic gene expression, enabling a single gene to produce multiple protein isoforms.
Dysregulation of alternative exon selection is implicated in a growing number of human diseases.
Small molecules that influence alternative splicing are emerging as valuable research tools and potential therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the mechanisms by which small molecules affect alternative pre-mRNA splicing.
To highlight the therapeutic potential of these compounds for diseases linked to aberrant splicing.

Main Methods:

Review of recent research on chemical modulators of alternative splicing.
Analysis of known mechanisms of action, including histone deacetylase inhibition and interference with splicing factor phosphorylation.

Main Results:

Several low-molecular-mass chemical substances have been identified that alter alternative exon usage.
Key mechanisms involve modulating epigenetic modifications (histone deacetylases) and post-translational modifications (splicing factor phosphorylation).
The precise mechanisms for a significant number of these compounds remain to be elucidated.

Conclusions:

Small molecules offer powerful probes to study the intricacies of alternative pre-mRNA splicing.
These compounds represent a promising avenue for developing novel drugs to treat diseases caused by splice site errors.