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Related Concept Videos

Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis
06:19

A Rat Model of Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion with Microcoil Stenosis

Published on: January 7, 2018

The IUGR newborn.

Adam Rosenberg1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, The Childrens Hospital, Aurora, CO 80045, USA. Adam.rosenberg@uchsc.edu

Seminars in Perinatology
|May 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) affects fetal growth, leading to acute neonatal issues like respiratory distress and adaptive problems. Preterm infants with IUGR face increased risks of chronic lung disease and other serious complications.

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High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo
06:43

High Frequency Ultrasound for the Analysis of Fetal and Placental Development In Vivo

Published on: November 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Growth Disorders

Background:

  • Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is defined as fetal growth below normal parameters.
  • IUGR presents as symmetrical (early onset) or asymmetrical (late onset) growth patterns.
  • Neonatal complications are common in infants born with IUGR.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the acute neonatal consequences of IUGR.
  • To discuss adaptive problems in neonates with IUGR.
  • To examine specific issues in preterm infants with IUGR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neonatal adaptive problems in IUGR.
  • Analysis of complications in preterm IUGR infants.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of IUGR sequelae.

Main Results:

  • Neonatal adaptive problems include respiratory distress, metabolic, and temperature instability.
  • Conditions such as meconium aspiration and polycythemia are associated with IUGR.
  • Preterm IUGR infants exhibit higher rates of chronic lung disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and retinopathy of prematurity.

Conclusions:

  • IUGR poses significant risks for neonates, necessitating careful management.
  • Adaptive problems and specific complications in preterm infants require focused attention.
  • Understanding IUGR's impact is crucial for improving neonatal outcomes.