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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Quadruple-Checkerboard: A Modification of the Three-Dimensional Checkerboard for Studying Drug Combinations
Published on: July 24, 2021
Multi-faceted approach to improve learning in pharmacokinetics
1Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA. apersky@unc.edu
Educational innovations in pharmacokinetics courses did not raise exam scores but significantly boosted student satisfaction. Long-term impacts on clinical performance are anticipated.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Pharmacokinetics Education
Background:
- Traditional pharmacokinetics education faces challenges in engaging students and fostering deep learning.
- Optimizing in-class time and assessment methods is crucial for effective knowledge transfer.
Purpose of the Study:
- To integrate diverse educational strategies to enhance pharmacokinetics learning.
- To evaluate the impact of innovative teaching methods on student performance and satisfaction.
Main Methods:
- Implementation of games, a multimedia module for content delivery, reflective writing, and immediate feedback assessments.
- Redesign of in-class time utilization to facilitate active learning.
Main Results:
- Median examination scores remained unchanged, with historical controls already exceeding 90%.
- Student satisfaction with the pharmacokinetics courses significantly increased based on survey data.
Conclusions:
- While immediate test scores did not improve, the educational innovations may foster deeper learning and critical thinking skills.
- The long-term effectiveness of these strategies, particularly in advanced pharmacy practice experiences, warrants further investigation.
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