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Development and Validation of National Learning Milestones for Postgraduate Pharmacist Training: A Consensus Study
Ya-Hui Chang1, Chao-Feng Lin2, Shao-Chin Chiang3
1MacKay Memorial Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Medical University, College of Medicine, School of Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|July 17, 2026
Summary
This study developed Taiwan
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Competency-Based Training
- Professional Development
Background:
- No national learning milestone frameworks exist for pharmacists.
- Need for standardized training in Taiwan's 2-year postgraduate year (PGY) program.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a national pharmacist learning milestone framework for Taiwan's PGY program.
- Utilize a structured, consensus-driven methodology for framework creation.
Main Methods:
- National consensus study involving 23 certified pharmacist educators.
- Eight structured focus group discussions with ≥80% agreement threshold.
- Validation by 115 clinical preceptors using surveys and Likert scales for performance levels (1-5).
Main Results:
- Finalized framework includes 15 sub-competencies and 143 milestones across 5 proficiency levels.
- Level 4 (proficient) is the target outcome for PGY completion.
- Validation showed strong content relevance (CVI = 0.70-1.00) and high performance-level agreement (≥75%).
Conclusions:
- First national pharmacist learning milestone framework established and validated in Taiwan.
- Rigorous consensus and validation ensure contextual relevance and educator engagement.
- Offers a scalable model for competency-based pharmacy education.
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