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Related Concept Videos

Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Imbalances in Cardiac Output01:26

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...
Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Neural Regulation of Blood Pressure

The neural regulation of blood pressure involves intricate interactions between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and cardiovascular system, ensuring adequate perfusion of tissues. This regulation primarily occurs through baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes, involving both short-term and long-term mechanisms.
Baroreceptor Reflex
Baroreceptors, located in the carotid sinuses and aortic arch, detect changes in blood pressure. When blood pressure rises, these stretch-sensitive receptors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

Cardiovagal modulation upon postural change is altered in Huntington's disease.

K J Bär1, M K Boettger, J Andrich

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany. Karl-Juergen.Baer@med.uni-jena.de

European Journal of Neurology
|May 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Huntington's disease (HD) patients show reduced cardiovagal modulation, indicating autonomic nervous system dysfunction. This may increase their risk for heart problems like arrhythmias and fainting.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
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Published on: April 6, 2019

Tilt Testing with Combined Lower Body Negative Pressure: a "Gold Standard" for Measuring Orthostatic Tolerance
14:09

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Published on: March 21, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Autonomic Function Testing

Background:

  • Cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is implicated in Huntington's disease (HD).
  • Both sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the ANS may be affected in HD patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate heart rate variability (HRV) patterns in mid-stage Huntington's disease patients.
  • To compare autonomic modulation between HD patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of linear heart rate variability parameters.
  • Comparison of HRV metrics between Huntington's disease patients and a healthy cohort.

Main Results:

  • Mid-stage Huntington's disease patients exhibited a distinct pattern of linear heart rate variability.
  • A predominant reduction in cardiovagal modulation was observed in HD patients compared to healthy subjects.

Conclusions:

  • Reduced cardiovagal modulation in mid-stage HD may contribute to cardiovascular complications.
  • Huntington's disease patients might have increased susceptibility to syncopes and cardiac arrhythmias due to ANS dysfunction.