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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

DNA methylation controls Foxp3 gene expression.

Julia K Polansky1, Karsten Kretschmer, Jennifer Freyer

  • 1Experimentelle Rheumatologie/Experimentelle Immunregulation, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

European Journal of Immunology
|May 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

DNA methylation inhibition promotes stable Foxp3 expression in regulatory T cells (Treg). This stability is linked to demethylation of the Treg-specific demethylated region (TSDR), crucial for epigenetic imprinting and Treg lineage establishment.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) expressing Foxp3 play a critical role in immune homeostasis.
  • Treg can arise from thymic or peripheral de novo generation.
  • Stable Foxp3 expression is linked to TSDR demethylation in naturally occurring Treg.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DNA methylation in regulating Foxp3 expression and Treg stability.
  • To determine if epigenetic modifications at the TSDR influence Foxp3 stability.
  • To explore the potential of epigenetic manipulation for generating stable Treg.

Main Methods:

  • Inhibition of DNA methylation using azacytidine.
  • Assessment of Foxp3 expression stability upon restimulation.
  • Analysis of TSDR demethylation status.
  • In vivo generation of Treg via DEC-205 targeting.

Main Results:

  • Azacytidine treatment induced stable Foxp3 expression independently of TGF-beta.
  • Stable Foxp3 expression correlated with enhanced TSDR demethylation.
  • TSDR methylation diminished its transcriptional activity.
  • In vivo generated Treg exhibited stable Foxp3 expression and TSDR demethylation.

Conclusions:

  • TSDR is a methylation-sensitive regulatory element for Foxp3 expression.
  • Epigenetic imprinting at the TSDR is essential for establishing a stable Treg lineage.
  • DNA methylation inhibition can confer stability to Foxp3-expressing Treg.