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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview01:29

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: Overview

Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors01:31

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:

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Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
10:36

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Nutrigenomics and selenium: gene expression patterns, physiological targets, and genetics.

John Hesketh1

  • 1Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom, NE1 4HH. J.E.Hesketh@newcastle.ac.uk

Annual Review of Nutrition
|May 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dietary selenium is vital for health. Understanding how selenium interacts with genes and cellular functions, including selenoproteins and genetic variations like SNPs, is key to personalized nutrition and disease prevention.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer
10:36

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional genomics and molecular biology.
  • Investigating the role of trace elements in cellular function and health.

Background:

  • Dietary selenium intake significantly impacts health and disease susceptibility.
  • Understanding selenium's molecular interactions at genetic and cellular levels is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular mechanisms of selenium's effects on cell function via genomics.
  • To examine how genetic variations, specifically single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), influence individual selenium requirements.

Main Methods:

  • Genomic and transcriptomic approaches to study selenium's impact on selenoproteins and metabolic pathways.
  • Analysis of transgenic animal models to elucidate selenium's biological functions.
  • Review of known functional SNPs in selenoprotein genes.

Main Results:

  • Genomics and transcriptomics reveal selenium's role in cell function through selenoproteins.
  • Transgenic animal studies provide insights into selenium metabolism and effects.
  • Identification of functional SNPs in selenoprotein genes suggests a basis for varied dietary needs.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium's influence on health is mediated by complex molecular pathways involving selenoproteins.
  • Genetic variations (SNPs) in selenoprotein-related genes may alter individual dietary selenium requirements.
  • Further research is needed to develop strategies for personalized selenium nutrition based on genetic profiles.