Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Egypt
Gamal F Gad1, Ramadan A el-Domany, Hossam M Ashour
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculties of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.
Purpose:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of nosocomial respiratory tract, urinary tract and skin infections. Data are sparse on the antimicrobial resistance of P. aeruginosa in Egypt. We sought to detect and compare the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates from respiratory tract, urinary tract and skin infections at 3 Egyptian hospitals.
Materials And Methods:
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method.
Results:
P. aeruginosa respiratory tract infections isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate and chloramphenicol, highly resistant to cefuroxime (89%), tetracycline (89%) and azithromycin (84%), and susceptible to norfloxacin (89%), amikacin (84%) and meropenem (68%). P. aeruginosa urinary tract infection isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cefuroxime and tetracycline, highly resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanate (95%), azithromycin (95%), cefalexin (91%) and ampicillin/sulbactam (82%), and susceptible to amikacin (82%), meropenem (73%) and norfloxacin (64%). P. aeruginosa skin infection isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin, highly resistant to tetracycline (95%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (95%), cefalexin (87%) and azithromycin (84%), and susceptible to amikacin (87%), norfloxacin (71%) and meropenem (68%). The anti-pseudomonal effect of antibiotics varied among different infection sites only for ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoperazone or chloramphenicol but not with the other tested antibiotics.
Conclusions:
Norfloxacin and amikacin could be used for initial therapy for P. aeruginosa mediated respiratory tract infections. Amikacin, meropenem and norfloxacin could be used for P. aeruginosa mediated urinary tract and skin infections. Such studies are essential to determine the current guidelines for empirical therapy regimens, which vary by location, and help with the establishment of effective infection control measures.
Insights
Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits high antimicrobial resistance in Egyptian hospitals, with significant resistance to common antibiotics across respiratory, urinary, and skin infections. Norfloxacin and amikacin show potential for empirical therapy, guiding infection control measures.
Area of Science:
- Medical Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Antimicrobial Resistance
Background:
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant pathogen causing nosocomial infections.
- Limited data exists on the antimicrobial resistance patterns of P. aeruginosa in Egypt.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detect and compare the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. aeruginosa isolates from respiratory, urinary, and skin infections.
- To assess resistance patterns at three Egyptian hospitals.
Main Methods:
- Agar dilution method was employed to determine minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of various antibiotics.
- Isolates were sourced from respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin infections.
Main Results:
- P. aeruginosa isolates demonstrated 100% resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin across all infection types.
- High resistance rates were observed for cefuroxime, tetracycline, and azithromycin.
- Susceptibility varied, with norfloxacin, amikacin, and meropenem showing efficacy against certain P. aeruginosa infections.
Conclusions:
- Norfloxacin and amikacin are recommended for initial empirical therapy of P. aeruginosa respiratory tract infections.
- Amikacin, meropenem, and norfloxacin are suggested for P. aeruginosa urinary tract and skin infections.
- These findings are crucial for establishing updated empirical therapy guidelines and infection control strategies in Egypt.
