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Knowledge-based inferences across the hemispheres: domain makes a difference.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Language comprehension involves cooperation between the left hemisphere (LH) and right hemisphere (RH).
  • Previous research suggests hemispheric specialization in cognitive functions.
  • The specific roles of each hemisphere in different types of inference remain to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of knowledge domain in hemispheric specialization during language comprehension.
  • To test the hypothesis that the RH is involved in planning inferences and the LH in physical cause-and-effect inferences.

Main Methods:

  • Divided-visual-field reading tasks were employed in two experiments.
  • Experiment 1 used 2-sentence stimuli; Experiment 2 used longer, story-length stimuli.
  • Sixty-eight participants in Experiment 1 and sixty-four in Experiment 2 completed the reading tasks.

Main Results:

  • Readers made more planning inferences when information was presented to the RH.
  • Readers made more physical cause-and-effect inferences when information was presented to the LH.
  • Findings were consistent across both short and long-form stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Hemispheric differences in inference processing are dependent on the specific knowledge domain required.
  • The RH specializes in planning-related inferences, while the LH specializes in physical cause-and-effect inferences.
  • This study specifies the domain-dependent nature of hemispheric specialization in language comprehension.