Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the cochlea, a...
Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking the...
Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location01:21

Perceiving Loudness, Pitch, and Location

The human brain perceives pitch through two primary mechanisms reflected in place theory and frequency theory. Each mechanism describes how sound waves are interpreted as specific pitches by the brain, offering insights into the intricate processes of auditory perception.
Place theory, or place coding, suggests that different pitches are heard because various sound waves activate specific locations along the cochlea's basilar membrane. The brain determines the pitch of a sound by identifying...
Perception of Sound Waves01:01

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...
Hearing01:31

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A computational pipeline for a neurotransmitter-centric analysis of the effects of psychiatric medication on EEG spectral power.

Frontiers in psychiatry·2026
Same author

Using a functional near-infrared spectroscopy-guided brain-computer interface to facilitate observational imitation after stroke.

Annals of physical and rehabilitation medicine·2026
Same author

A Feasibility Study of Navigating Emotional States Using Real-Time Representational Similarity Analysis fMRI Neurofeedback.

International journal of neural systems·2026
Same author

Neural Dynamics of Relational Memory Retrieval Across Eye Movements.

Psychophysiology·2025
Same author

Autonomic regulation during cognitive reappraisal in major depressive disorder: a study of fMRI correlates.

BMC psychiatry·2025
Same author

Does unfairness evoke anger or disgust? A quantitative neurofunctional dissection based on 25 years of neuroimaging.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2025
Same journal

A portable solution for simultaneous human movement and mobile EEG acquisition: readiness potential for basketball free-throw shooting.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Effects of tDCS and tACS on operant tactile training: investigating individual differences in neuromodulation efficacy.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Investigating the effects of different exercise protocols on depressive-like behaviors and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rodents: a systematic review.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Inward platform translations during treadmill walking enhance lateral weight shift and paretic leg engagement in chronic stroke.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Effects of lumbar disc injury and nociception on trunk motor control during rat locomotion.

Experimental brain research·2026
Same journal

Changes in synergy formation and modulation during cyclic finger force production tasks in female adults with dystonic cerebral palsy.

Experimental brain research·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

Predictability modulates motor-auditory interactions in self-triggered audio-visual apparent motion.

Mikhail Zvyagintsev1, Andrey R Nikolaev, Krystyna A Mathiak

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany. mzvyagintsev@ukaachen.de

Experimental Brain Research
|May 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Predictability influences brain activity before action. Anticipating outcomes of self-initiated audio-visual motion affects motor and auditory brain responses, enhancing action-perception cycles.

More Related Videos

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles
09:27

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Published on: August 25, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis
13:51

Cross-Modal Multivariate Pattern Analysis

Published on: November 9, 2011

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition
07:14

A Method to Study Adaptation to Left-Right Reversed Audition

Published on: October 29, 2018

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles
09:27

An Emerging Target Paradigm to Evoke Fast Visuomotor Responses on Human Upper Limb Muscles

Published on: August 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Predictability plays a crucial role in cognitive processes.
  • Understanding the neural basis of action-perception cycles is essential for cognitive neuroscience.
  • Self-initiated actions involve complex interactions between motor and sensory systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of predictability on neural activity during an audio-visual apparent motion task.
  • To examine how self-triggering stimuli modulate motor and sensory brain responses.
  • To explore the interaction between motor preparation and perceptual processing within an action-perception framework.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was employed to record brain activity.
  • An audio-visual apparent motion task was designed with predictable and unpredictable conditions.
  • Subjects self-triggered stimuli, and their motor and perceptual responses were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • A significant difference in preparatory motor activity was observed between predictable and unpredictable conditions (-450 to -100 ms before stimulus).
  • Perception of audio-visual apparent motion was modulated by predictability, specifically affecting auditory activity (N1 component).
  • Preparatory motor activity correlated with subsequent auditory activity, primarily within the same hemisphere.

Conclusions:

  • Predictability selectively modulates preparatory motor and auditory activity, suggesting an anticipatory mechanism.
  • Interactions between motor and auditory systems are evident within the action-perception cycle.
  • Anticipation of action outcomes influences both motor preparation and perceptual processing.