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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
09:34

An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis

Published on: August 16, 2021

Hypercholesterolemia impairs immunity to tuberculosis.

Gregory W Martens1, Meltem Cevik Arikan, Jinhee Lee

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.

Infection and Immunity
|May 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice on a high-cholesterol diet show extreme susceptibility to tuberculosis, with 100% mortality. Elevated cholesterol impairs adaptive immunity, increasing tuberculosis severity.

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LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring
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An Automated Culture System for Use in Preclinical Testing of Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis
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LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring
08:45

LDL Cholesterol Uptake Assay Using Live Cell Imaging Analysis with Cell Health Monitoring

Published on: November 17, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein E deficiency (ApoE(-/-)) is linked to hypercholesterolemia.
  • The role of hypercholesterolemia in tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of apolipoprotein E deficiency and hypercholesterolemia on tuberculosis susceptibility and immune response.

Main Methods:

  • Aerosol infection of wild-type (WT) and ApoE(-/-) mice on low-cholesterol (LC) or high-cholesterol (HC) diets with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • Assessment of mortality, lung pathology, bacterial load, cytokine production, and adaptive immune responses (gamma interferon, T-cell proliferation).

Main Results:

  • ApoE(-/-) HC mice exhibited 100% mortality within 4 weeks, unlike other groups.
  • ApoE(-/-) HC mice showed severe lung pathology, increased bacterial load, and delayed adaptive immune responses.
  • Impaired T-cell priming was observed in ApoE(-/-) HC mice, indicating defective adaptive immunity.

Conclusions:

  • Apolipoprotein E deficiency exacerbates tuberculosis severity, particularly under hypercholesterolemic conditions.
  • Elevated serum cholesterol in ApoE(-/-) mice leads to impaired adaptive immune responses and increased susceptibility to tuberculosis.