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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Alkyl Halides02:45

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...
Ionic Association01:28

Ionic Association

The ionic association is the association of oppositely charged ions in an electrolyte solution to form ion pairs. Bjerrum defined ion pairs as two oppositely charged ions whose electrostatic attraction exceeds the thermal energy of the system, typically expressed as 2kT. Electrostatic attraction depends on ionic charge, separation distance, and the dielectric constant of the medium. Thermal energy, represented by kT, reflects the tendency of ions to move independently due to molecular motion.
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.

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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
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Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

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Anode Compatibility of Halide Solid-State Electrolytes.

Chunlei Zhao1,2, Yilin Zhang1, Fiaz Hussain1

  • 1Ningbo Key Laboratory of All-Solid-State Battery, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of All-Solid-State Battery, Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|June 29, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lithium-metal-halide superionic conductors offer high performance for solid-state batteries but face instability with lithium metal anodes. Research elucidates these mechanisms and explores strategies to improve anode compatibility for advanced battery applications.

Keywords:
all‐solid‐state lithium batterieshalidelithium metal anodereduction stabilitysolid‐state electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Solid-State Batteries

Background:

  • Lithium-metal-halide (Li-M-X) superionic conductors are advanced solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs).
  • These materials exhibit high Li+ conductivity, good cathode compatibility, and mechanical flexibility, making them attractive for next-generation energy storage.
  • A key challenge is their chemical and electrochemical instability when interfacing with reductive lithium metal anodes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the fundamental mechanisms behind the instability of Li-M-X SSEs against lithium metal anodes.
  • To summarize recent strategies and progress in enhancing the anode compatibility of halide SSEs.
  • To analyze the influence of pressure and volume changes on the SSE-lithium metal interface.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental observations and characterizations of the SSE-anode interface.
  • Theoretical calculations to understand degradation mechanisms.
  • Review and analysis of recent advancements in improving interfacial stability.

Main Results:

  • Detailed understanding of the instability mechanisms of halide SSEs with lithium metal anodes.
  • Identification of key factors affecting interfacial compatibility, including pressure and volume changes.
  • Compilation of current strategies to enhance anode compatibility for halide-based ASSLBs.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the anode compatibility issue is critical for realizing the full potential of Li-M-X SSEs in high-energy ASSLBs.
  • Further research is needed to develop robust interfaces that withstand lithium metal anodes.
  • This work provides insights and guidance for future development of Li-M-X solid-state electrolytes and ASSLBs.