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Updated: Jul 4, 2026
06:09
Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
External impingement of the shoulder
Robert S D Campbell1, Andrew Dunn
1Department of Radiology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Rob.campbell@rlbuht.nhs.uk
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology
|May 30, 2008
Summary
External shoulder impingement and rotator cuff disease are linked but controversial. Diagnosis remains clinical, with imaging aiding bony abnormality identification, guiding varied treatments from physiotherapy to surgery.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Radiology
Background:
- External shoulder impingement and rotator cuff disease are common musculoskeletal conditions.
- The etiological relationship between impingement and rotator cuff pathology is debated.
- Current diagnostic approaches rely heavily on clinical assessment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the anatomy, biomechanics, and theories of external shoulder impingement.
- To evaluate the role of imaging in diagnosing impingement and rotator cuff disease.
- To discuss the implications of diagnosis on therapeutic management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of anatomical and biomechanical studies.
- Analysis of imaging modalities used for shoulder impingement diagnosis.
- Synthesis of current treatment strategies for impingement and rotator cuff disease.
Main Results:
- External impingement diagnosis is primarily clinical, despite imaging efforts.
- Imaging identifies bony abnormalities of the coracoacromial arch and soft tissue pathology.
- Treatment varies widely, including conservative and surgical interventions.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the complex relationship between impingement and rotator cuff disease is crucial.
- Objective imaging criteria for external impingement are still lacking.
- Management strategies should be tailored based on clinical and imaging findings.
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