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Related Concept Videos

Formation of the Platelet Plug01:22

Formation of the Platelet Plug

The platelet phase, the second stage of hemostasis, commences around 15-20 seconds after an injury. It follows and overlaps with the vascular phase, during which blood vessels constrict to minimize blood loss.
As the injured blood vessel contracts, endothelial cells undergo contraction, revealing collagen fibers in the basement membrane and underlying connective tissue. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of endothelial cells becomes adhesive, preparing the site for platelet adhesion. Platelets...
Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis01:16

Clot Retraction and Fibrinolysis

After a fibrin clot is formed, the next step is clot retraction, a vital process facilitated by platelet contractile proteins, such as actin and myosin. These proteins pull the fibrin strands closer together and condense the clot. This action reduces the size of the clot, creating a smaller, denser structure that effectively seals off the damaged vessel. Clot retraction consolidates the clot and helps with wound healing by bringing the edges of the damaged blood vessel closer together.
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000 platelets, with...
Disorders of Hemostasis01:24

Disorders of Hemostasis

Hemostasis, the process that stops bleeding after a blood vessel injury, is crucial for maintaining the integrity of the circulatory system. However, disorders of hemostasis can disrupt this delicate balance, leading to either excessive clotting or bleeding. These disorders can be broadly classified into thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders.
Thromboembolic Disorders
Two factors primarily cause thromboembolic conditions.

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions
09:49

Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions

Published on: January 31, 2018

Platelet transfusion refractoriness.

Eldad Hod1, Joseph Schwartz

  • 1Columbia University Medical Center-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA.

British Journal of Haematology
|May 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelet transfusions are vital for patients with blood disorders but can be ineffective due to refractoriness. This review covers causes, diagnosis, and management of this complex transfusion complication.

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Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions
09:49

Routine Screening Method for Microparticles in Platelet Transfusions

Published on: January 31, 2018

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function
06:47

Microfluidics in Assessing Platelet Function

Published on: November 8, 2024

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells
09:46

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells

Published on: December 27, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Transfusion Medicine

Background:

  • Platelets are essential anucleate cells crucial for hemostasis.
  • Platelet transfusions are a cornerstone in managing hemorrhagic complications in hematological and oncological disorders.
  • Patient refractoriness to platelet transfusions limits their therapeutic benefit, posing challenges in clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the etiology, diagnosis, and management of platelet transfusion refractoriness.
  • To highlight the complexities faced by clinicians and transfusion services in addressing this issue.
  • To discuss advancements and persistent challenges in managing both immune and non-immune causes of refractoriness.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature.
  • Discussion includes etiological factors, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.
  • Focuses on immune-mediated and non-immune causes of platelet refractoriness.

Main Results:

  • Immune-mediated refractoriness, often due to anti-human leukocyte antigen antibodies, has seen diagnostic and treatment advances.
  • Non-immune causes, such as sepsis, continue to present significant management challenges.
  • Refractoriness leads to suboptimal platelet count increments post-transfusion.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet transfusion refractoriness is a complex clinical problem requiring a multifaceted approach.
  • While progress has been made in managing immune-mediated causes, non-immune factors remain a significant concern.
  • Effective management strategies are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes in hematology and oncology.