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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Tuberculosis in oncology patients.

D C Stefan1, A L Kruis, H S Schaaf

  • 1Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Tygerberg Hospital, Stellenbosch University, South Africa. cs@sun.ac.za

Annals of Tropical Paediatrics
|May 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Children with cancer in high TB prevalence areas face a significantly higher risk of tuberculosis (TB). Early screening for latent TB before chemotherapy is crucial to prevent disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Paediatrics

Background:

  • Limited research exists on tuberculosis (TB) incidence and presentation in paediatric cancer patients.
  • Cancer treatments often suppress the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections like TB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence of TB among paediatric oncology patients at Tygerberg Hospital.
  • To describe the clinical characteristics of TB in this immunocompromised patient group.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 625 paediatric oncology patient records from 1991-2005.
  • Analysis focused on 57 cases with confirmed TB diagnosis and sufficient data.

Main Results:

  • Tuberculosis incidence in the study group was 9117/100,000/year, 22 times higher than the general paediatric population.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

  • Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) was the most common cancer (22.8%).
  • Nearly half (47%) of active TB cases occurred within the first 5 months of chemotherapy, suggesting latent TB reactivation.

    • Conclusions:

    • Prophylactic treatment for latent TB during early chemotherapy could prevent active disease.
    • Routine screening for latent TB and excluding active disease before cancer therapy is recommended in TB-endemic regions.