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Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

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Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
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A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

Clostridium difficile infection: a critical overview.

Bayan Missaghi1, August J Valenti, Robert C Owens

  • 1Maine Medical Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy Services and Division of Infectious Diseases, 22 Bramhall Street, Portland, ME 04102-3175, USA.

Current Infectious Disease Reports
|May 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile infection, particularly the BI/NAP1 strain, causes severe colon issues, sepsis, and death. This review covers its presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention strategies for this significant pathogen.

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Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
12:58

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: May 25, 2017

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
06:51

Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291

Published on: December 10, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming anaerobic bacillus.
  • It is the primary cause of infectious diarrhea in healthcare settings.
  • A specific hypervirulent strain (BI/NAP1) has been linked to increased C. difficile infection (CDI) outbreaks and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, management, and prevention of Clostridium difficile infection.
  • To highlight the impact of the BI/NAP1 strain on CDI epidemiology and patient outcomes.
  • To address the knowledge gaps regarding the rapid emergence and pathogenicity of this strain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical studies, epidemiological data, and case reports on Clostridium difficile.
  • Analysis of diagnostic methods for C. difficile infection.
  • Synthesis of current treatment guidelines and preventive measures for CDI.

Main Results:

  • Clostridium difficile infection manifests primarily in the colon but can lead to severe systemic complications like sepsis.
  • The BI/NAP1 strain is associated with increased virulence and higher mortality rates.
  • Effective diagnosis, prompt management, and robust prevention strategies are crucial for controlling CDI.

Conclusions:

  • Clostridium difficile infection remains a significant public health concern, especially with the emergence of virulent strains.
  • A comprehensive approach encompassing clinical recognition, accurate diagnostics, and evidence-based treatment is essential.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the factors contributing to the rapid spread and severity of certain C. difficile strains.