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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Intralymphatic Immunotherapy and Vaccination in Mice
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Advances in basic and clinical immunology in 2007.

Javier Chinen1, William T Shearer

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Allergy and Immunology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex 77030, USA. jxchinen@texaschildrenshospital.org

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|June 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Significant advancements in immunology in 2007 improved understanding of allergic inflammation, immune responses, and primary immunodeficiencies. Research clarified antigen-presenting cell function, IgE mechanisms, and the hygiene hypothesis, while also detailing drug reactions and immunodeficiency treatments.

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Published on: December 31, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Basic and Clinical Immunology
  • Allergy and Inflammation Research
  • Immunodeficiency Studies

Background:

  • Progress in 2007 enhanced understanding of antigen-presenting cell function, including cytokine secretion influencing allergic inflammation.
  • Mechanisms of immunoglobulin E (IgE) function were further elucidated, alongside demonstrating the clonality of IgE-producing B cells in monosensitized patients.
  • The hygiene hypothesis was re-evaluated, with evidence favoring the absence of T helper 1 (T(H)1) responses over regulatory T cell deficiency in explaining increased atopy prevalence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key advancements in basic and clinical immunology during 2007.
  • To highlight progress in understanding allergic inflammation, immune responses, and immunodeficiencies.
  • To review new findings on environmental impacts, drug-induced immune reactions, and treatment outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent immunological investigations and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of research on antigen-presenting cells, IgE function, and T cell responses.
  • Examination of data on drug toxicity, primary immunodeficiencies, and transplantation outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Better characterization of cytokine roles in allergic inflammation and IgE B cell clonality.
  • Evidence suggests reduced T(H)1 responses, not regulatory T cells, explain increased atopy.
  • Advances in molecular diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies, including STAT3 mutations for hyper-IgE syndrome.
  • Confirmation of bone marrow transplantation efficacy for severe combined immunodeficiencies.

Conclusions:

  • 2007 saw substantial progress in immunology, deepening insights into allergic diseases and immune system disorders.
  • Research clarified fundamental immunological mechanisms and improved the diagnosis and management of primary immunodeficiencies.
  • These advancements offer a foundation for future therapeutic strategies and a better understanding of immune health and disease.