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Increased Body Temperature

Increased Body Temperature

A body temperature above 38°C (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in response to an infection or illness.

Decreased Body Temperature

Decreased Body Temperature

A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by sustained extreme cold exposure, and severe...

Methods of reducing fever

Methods of reducing fever

The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous supply...

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature

Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

Published on: November 21, 2017

Temperature management in acute neurologic disorders.

Yekaterina K Axelrod¹, Michael N Diringer

¹Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA.

Neurologic Clinics

|June 3, 2008

Summary

Managing body temperature is crucial for acute neurologic disorders. Studies show induced hypothermia and fever control benefit patients with head injury, stroke, and cardiac arrest.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Critical Care Medicine
Physiology

Background:

Temperature management is vital in acute neurologic disorders.
Fever (hyperpyrexia) can worsen outcomes in neurological conditions.
Induced hypothermia has been investigated for neuroprotection.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the physiology of thermoregulation and hyperpyrexia.
To discuss the detrimental effects of fever and benefits of temperature normalization.
To analyze trials of induced hypothermia in acute neurologic insults.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on thermoregulation and induced hypothermia.
Analysis of experimental models and clinical trials.
Description of fever control methods.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Esophageal Heat Transfer for Patient Temperature Control and Targeted Temperature Management

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Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

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A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

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Main Results:

Fever has detrimental effects in neurologic injury models.
Normalizing temperature and induced hypothermia show potential benefits.
Evidence supports temperature management in specific acute neurologic conditions.

Conclusions:

Effective temperature management, including induced hypothermia, is important for acute neurologic disorders.
Understanding thermoregulation is key to improving patient outcomes.
Further research and clinical application of fever control strategies are warranted.