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Poxvirus pathogenesis.

R M Buller1, G J Palumbo

  • 1Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.

Microbiological Reviews
|March 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Poxviruses are unique pathogens that replicate in the cytoplasm and encode numerous proteins to manipulate host processes. Their complex infections can be localized or systemic, with cell-mediated immunity crucial for recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Poxviruses, including variola virus (smallpox), are highly successful pathogens.
  • Unique characteristics include cytoplasmic replication, complex morphogenesis, and extensive host-interaction proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the unique biological features of poxviruses.
  • To understand their replication strategies, morphogenesis, and interactions with host cellular and systemic processes.
  • To review their diverse infection routes and host immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of poxvirus genome-encoded proteins.
  • Review of viral replication mechanisms and morphogenesis.
  • Examination of host-pathogen interactions and immune responses.

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Main Results:

  • Poxviruses encode enzymes for precursor regulation and biosynthesis due to cytoplasmic replication.
  • Viral proteins homologous to epidermal growth factor and serine protease inhibitors modulate host functions.
  • Interference with complement activation and diverse infection routes (skin, respiratory, oral) are observed.

Conclusions:

  • Poxvirus infections are typically acute, localized, or systemic, with varied outcomes.
  • Host responses involve innate immunity (interferons, complement, NK cells) and adaptive immunity (T lymphocytes).
  • Cell-mediated immunity is critical for recovery, while antibodies may prevent reinfection.