[Muscle and bone health as a risk factor of fall among the elderly. Fall prevention strategy in dementia]

Fall prevention interventions for patients with dementia are broadly classified into those aimed at the patients themselves and those aimed at caregivers and the living environment. The former includes exercise programs, but these interventions have a low adherence and have not led to decreases in the incidence of falls. The latter includes comprehensive, multidisciplinary measures that are conducted at medical and welfare facilities commonly used by elderly with dementia, such as fall risk assessment, dementia care management, and education for caregivers. Although comprehensive, multidisciplinary interventions for fall prevention that focus on fall risk management were shown to be effective, their effects with specific regard to elderly with dementia have not been sufficiently elucidated, and remain a future issue.