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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

The Use of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) to Explore Protein Expression Variation within Individual Renal Cell Cancers
Published on: January 22, 2013
Targeted therapy of renal cell cancer
Piotr J Wysocki1, Jakob Zolnierek, Cezary Szczylik
1University of Medical Sciences, GreatPoland Cancer Center, Department of Cancer Immunology, ul Garbary 15, 61-866 Poznan, Poland.pwysocki@plusnet.pl
Abstract:
Rapid development of treatment strategies for renal cell cancer (RCC) has occurred in recent years. Elucidation of the crucial role of the Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene in upregulating growth factors associated with angiogenesis has provided new insight into RCC biology and has identified specific targets for novel therapeutic strategies. For almost two decades, cytokine-based immunotherapy has remained a treatment of choice in advanced RCC patients. However, it has provided only modest improvement in clinical outcome and has been associated with severe toxicity. With the advent of novel therapies directly targeting the VEGF molecule or VEGF receptor signal transduction pathway, the clinical outcome in high-risk, advanced RCC has significantly improved. In phase III clinical trials, novel targeted agents - temsirolimus, sorafenib, sunitinib and bevacizumab - significantly prolonged progression-free survival of patients with metastatic RCC and, crucially, temsirolimus also prolonged overall survival in patients with high-risk disease. Despite the obvious clinical efficacy of novel targeted therapies in the treatment of RCC, many unanswered questions still remain; in particular, the efficacy of targeted agents in patients with low-risk RCC, the optimal sequence and combination of therapies for first-, second-, or third-line treatment, and the efficacy of this strategy in adjuvant settings.
Insights
Novel targeted therapies have significantly improved outcomes for advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) patients, offering new hope beyond traditional immunotherapy. Further research is needed to optimize these treatments for all RCC risk groups and settings.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Renal cell cancer (RCC) treatment has seen rapid advancements.
- The Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) gene's role in angiogenesis is key to understanding RCC.
- Cytokine immunotherapy, while established, offers limited benefits and significant toxicity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in RCC treatment strategies.
- To highlight the impact of novel targeted therapies.
- To identify remaining challenges and future research directions in RCC therapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of phase III clinical trials for novel targeted agents.
- Analysis of data on progression-free survival and overall survival.
- Discussion of emerging therapeutic targets and strategies.
Main Results:
- Targeted agents like temsirolimus, sorafenib, sunitinib, and bevacizumab show significant efficacy in advanced RCC.
- Temsirolimus demonstrated improved overall survival in high-risk patients.
- Novel therapies targeting VEGF pathways have improved clinical outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Targeted therapies represent a significant improvement over traditional immunotherapy for advanced RCC.
- Further investigation is required for low-risk RCC, optimal sequencing, and adjuvant therapy efficacy.
- Understanding VHL gene function has opened new avenues for targeted RCC treatment.
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