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Related Concept Videos

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates00:52

Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates

After filtration, the precipitate is washed to remove coprecipitated impurities and any remaining mother liquor. Colloidal precipitates, such as silver chloride, are washed with an electrolyte (such as dilute nitric acid) to prevent the peptization of the precipitate. In the case of slightly soluble precipitates, the wash solution contains a common ion to reduce solubility. Lead sulfate, which is slightly soluble in water, is washed with dilute sulfuric acid. Similarly, wash solutions may be...
Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria01:10

Recrystallization: Solid–Solution Equilibria

Recrystallization is a purification technique used to separate impurities from solid compounds. In this technique, no chemical reactions occur. Instead, it exploits physical properties only, specifically, the solubility differences between the desired compound and impurities, either at a single temperature or at different temperatures, and under other selected conditions. The solid-solution equilibrium (solubility equilibrium) of each component in the solution represents a binary phase...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Organic Solvent-Based Protein Precipitation for Robust Proteome Purification Ahead of Mass Spectrometry
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Pattern formation by two precipitated species during solvent evaporation.

Gerardo Lara-Cisneros1, Abigail Loredo-Osti, Ricardo Femat

  • 1CIEP-Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Solvent evaporation drives pattern formation by causing species precipitation, creating distinct ringlike depositions. This process differs from Liesegang rings and resembles patterns seen with charged colloids.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Solvent evaporation from liquid drops on surfaces can induce complex pattern formation.
  • Precipitation of dissolved species plays a key role in these patterns.
  • Understanding these patterns is crucial for various applications, from material deposition to biological processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of pattern formation during solvent evaporation.
  • To numerically model the interplay of evaporation, diffusion, and precipitation.
  • To characterize the resulting ringlike deposition patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical solution of partial differential equations.
  • Modeling solvent evaporation from a liquid drop on a surface.
  • Accounting for diffusion and precipitation kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Ringlike deposition patterns form from the edge towards the center.
  • The spacing between rings is constant, and ring width is roughly constant.
  • Pattern formation is driven by the evaporation process, distinct from Liesegang rings.

Conclusions:

  • Solvent evaporation is a primary driver for the observed precipitation patterns.
  • The competition between precipitation and evaporation governs the spatial structure of the rings.
  • The observed patterns share similarities with those from charged colloid systems.