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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom is called its electron configuration. We describe an electron configuration with a symbol that contains three pieces of information:
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

Spin-orbit-mediated anisotropic spin interaction in interacting electron systems.

Suhas Gangadharaiah1, Jianmin Sun, Oleg A Starykh

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We discovered a new spin-orbit interaction that couples electron spins without wave function overlap. This novel ferromagnetic coupling is significant in Wigner crystals where standard exchange is suppressed.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Quantum mechanics

Background:

  • Strongly correlated electrons exhibit complex spin interactions.
  • Spin-orbit interaction plays a crucial role in determining electronic properties.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to developing novel quantum materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spin-spin interactions in strongly correlated electrons under spin-orbit interaction.
  • To identify novel coupling mechanisms beyond standard exchange interactions.
  • To explore the implications of these interactions in specific electronic states like Wigner crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical investigation of electron spin interactions.
  • Analysis of spin-orbit coupling effects on spin-spin correlations.
  • Modeling of van der Waals type spin-spin coupling.

Main Results:

  • A novel, spin-orbit mediated anisotropic spin-spin coupling of the van der Waals type was identified.
  • This interaction does not necessitate wave function overlap, distinguishing it from standard exchange.
  • The ferromagnetic nature of this interaction was established.
  • Its importance in Wigner crystal states, where exchange is suppressed, was highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • The spin-orbit interaction facilitates a unique, long-range spin-spin coupling.
  • This van der Waals type coupling offers new pathways for understanding magnetism in correlated electron systems.
  • The findings are particularly relevant for Wigner crystals and potentially other low-dimensional electronic systems.