Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE). Of...
Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Obesity-Related Circulating Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles Negatively Affect Cerebral Microvascular Cell Function.

American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

AGE-RELATED CIRCULATING ENDOTHELIAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES PROMOTE CEREBRAL MICROVASCULAR CELL DYSFUNCTION.

American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology·2026
Same author

Effect of 17β-estradiol on brain microvascular endothelial cell oxidative stress, apoptotic susceptibility, and fibrinolytic capacity.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026
Same author

Early women's health research on endurance exercise training and cardiovascular aging at the University of Colorado Boulder using the masters athlete model.

Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)·2026
Same author

Endothelial Sirtuins and Mitochondrial Function Are Associated With Testosterone Status: Implications for Accelerated Vascular Aging in Middle-Age and Older Men With Low Testosterone.

Aging cell·2026
Same author

Mitochondrial and Cardiolipin Adaptations to Ventricular Assist Device Support in Pediatric Versus Adult Failing Myocardium.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
08:41

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2019

Endothelin-1, aging and hypertension.

Brian L Stauffer1, Christian M Westby, Christopher A DeSouza

  • 1Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Endothelin-1 system activation contributes to cardiovascular disease in aging and hypertension. While drugs have limited success, regular aerobic exercise effectively reduces endothelin-1 activity, improving vascular health.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues
08:41

Assessment of Vascular Tone Responsiveness using Isolated Mesenteric Arteries with a Focus on Modulation by Perivascular Adipose Tissues

Published on: June 3, 2019

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Aging Research
  • Hypertension Studies

Background:

  • Endothelin-1 system activation is implicated in atherosclerotic vascular disease.
  • Aging and hypertension are independent risk factors associated with increased endothelin-1 activity.
  • Endothelial dysfunction, including vasomotor dysregulation, contributes to cardiovascular complications in aging and hypertension.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cardiovascular effects of the endothelin system.
  • To examine the relationship between the endothelin system, aging, and hypertension.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelin system.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on endothelin-1, aging, hypertension, and cardiovascular effects.
  • Analysis of studies on endothelial function, nitric oxide, and vasoconstrictor tone.
  • Evaluation of pharmacological and exercise-based interventions.

Main Results:

  • Endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone increases with age and contributes to hypertension.
  • Pharmacological approaches to inhibit endothelin-1 have shown limited and disease-specific efficacy.
  • Regular aerobic exercise is highly effective in reducing endothelin-1 system activity.

Conclusions:

  • Increased endothelin-1 vasoconstrictor tone is a hallmark of aging and hypertension.
  • Further research is needed to identify effective pharmacological treatments for reducing endothelin-1 activity in older hypertensive individuals.
  • Aerobic exercise remains a crucial intervention for maintaining and improving vascular health by modulating the endothelin system.