Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 4, 2026

09:03
Analysis of Neural Crest Migration and Differentiation by Cross-species Transplantation
Published on: February 7, 2012
A gene regulatory network orchestrates neural crest formation.
Tatjana Sauka-Spengler1, Marianne Bronner-Fraser
1Division of Biology 13974, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. spengler@caltech.edu
Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology
|June 5, 2008
Summary
Neural crest cells are vital for vertebrate development, forming diverse tissues. This review details the gene regulatory network controlling their formation, migration, and differentiation.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Biology
- Cell Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- The neural crest is a unique vertebrate cell population crucial for embryonic development.
- It gives rise to a wide range of cell types, including neurons, glia, craniofacial bones, and pigment cells.
- Neural crest formation involves intricate processes like induction, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migration, and differentiation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of neural crest formation.
- To discuss the molecular mechanisms governing the neural crest gene regulatory network.
- To highlight key players involved in neural crest development.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of developmental biology and genetics research.
- Analysis of gene regulatory networks.
- Synthesis of current knowledge on neural crest cell biology.
Main Results:
- The neural crest gene regulatory network is a complex, multimodule system.
- Key stages include induction, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, migration, and differentiation.
- Specific molecular players orchestrate these developmental events.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the neural crest gene regulatory network is essential for comprehending vertebrate development.
- Further research into these molecular players can reveal insights into developmental disorders.
- This review consolidates current knowledge, providing a foundation for future studies.
Related Concept Videos
Determination
During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Neurulation
Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the anterior...
Notch Signaling Pathway
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

