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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney01:18

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering and cleaning blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte levels. To perform these essential functions, they require a constant and robust blood supply.
Bloody Supply to the Kidneys:
The kidneys receive their blood supply from the renal arteries, which branch off from the abdominal aorta—the main artery supplying the abdomen and lower body. The renal arteries enter the kidneys at the hilum, a notch on the medial side of each...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

[Kidney involvement in systemic necrotizing vasculitis].

Dominique Chauveau1, Joëlle Guittard, Marion Mehrenberger

  • 1Service de néphrologie et immunologie clinique, hôpital de Rangueil, Toulouse. chauveau.d@chu-toulouse.fr

La Revue Du Praticien
|June 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Systemic necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis frequently affects kidneys, causing glomerulonephritis and renal failure. Early diagnosis and treatment with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide are crucial for better outcomes.

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Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney
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Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney

Published on: September 1, 2016

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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney
07:29

Intravascular Delivery of Biologics to the Rat Kidney

Published on: September 1, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Renal involvement is common in systemic necrotizing small-vessel vasculitis (75% of patients).
  • Conditions include microscopic polyangiitis, Wegener's granulomatosis, and Churg-Strauss syndrome.
  • Kidney-limited small-vessel vasculitis also occurs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key features of renal small-vessel vasculitis.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
  • To describe current therapeutic strategies and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical manifestations and diagnostic hallmarks.
  • Discussion of serological (ANCA testing) and histological (kidney biopsy) findings.
  • Overview of induction and maintenance immunosuppressive therapies.

Main Results:

  • Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis with crescent formation is characteristic.
  • Renal manifestations include hematuria, proteinuria, and rapidly progressive renal failure.
  • ANCA testing shows 90% sensitivity for renal vasculitis.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt identification and treatment are vital to prevent mortality and end-stage renal disease.
  • Induction therapy involves corticosteroids and IV cyclophosphamide; plasma exchange may be indicated.
  • Relapse occurs in 20-50% of patients, necessitating close monitoring.