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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction

Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such as Proteus,...

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Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
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[Pneumococcal hemolytic uremic syndrome: about 2 cases].

N Chautemps1, C Milési, G Cambonie

  • 1Service de réanimation pédiatrique et néonatale, hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, 371, avenue du Doyen-G-Giraud, 34295 Montpellier, France.

Archives De Pediatrie : Organe Officiel De La Societe Francaise De Pediatrie
|June 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Pneumococcal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) affects young children, often requiring dialysis. Early intervention and antipneumococcal vaccination can improve outcomes for this serious condition.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Constructing Mutants in Serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae strain 519/43
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07:47

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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a leading cause of acute kidney failure in children, typically following Escherichia coli infection.
  • Pneumococcal infections are an uncommon but distinct cause of HUS, presenting unique epidemiological and clinical features.

Observation:

  • This report details two cases of HUS in girls under two years old, one with meningitis and the other with pneumonia, both caused by pneumococcus.
  • Both patients required transfusions and dialysis, with one experiencing prolonged renal insufficiency.

Findings:

  • Pneumococcal HUS predominantly affects children under 24 months and frequently necessitates dialysis.
  • Vaccine-preventable pneumococcal serotypes vary; serotypes identified in these cases were covered by Pneumo23 but not Prevenar.
  • Washed blood products are recommended for transfusions to mitigate prolonged hemolysis.

Implications:

  • Pneumococcal HUS incidence may be rising and warrants greater awareness.
  • Prompt dialysis and antibiotic treatment, alongside antipneumococcal vaccination, are crucial for improving patient prognosis.
  • Understanding the specific characteristics of pneumococcal HUS is vital for timely diagnosis and management.