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Related Concept Videos

Taste Buds and Receptors01:20

Taste Buds and Receptors

Gustation, or the sense of taste, is intrinsically linked to the anatomical structures located on the tongue. This organ's surface, along with the entirety of the oral cavity, is adorned with stratified squamous epithelium. Evident on the tongue are elevated structures known as papillae (singular = papilla), which house the mechanisms for the transduction of gustatory stimuli. Four distinct types of papillae exist, each identified by their unique morphological attributes: the circumvallate,...
Gustation01:43

Gustation

Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
The Physiology of Taste01:24

The Physiology of Taste

The perception of a salty flavor is facilitated by sodium ions within the oral salivary fluid. Upon consumption of a salty substance, salt crystals disassemble, leading to the liberation of its constituents—Na+ and Cl- ions. These ions subsequently dissolve into the salivary fluid present in the oral cavity. The external environment of the gustatory cells experiences an elevation in Na+ concentration, thereby establishing a potent concentration gradient. This gradient propels the diffusion of...
The Tongue and Taste Buds00:49

The Tongue and Taste Buds

The surface of the tongue is covered with various small bumps called papillae, which either distribute what has been ingested (filiform papillae) or contain the sensory taste (or gustatory) receptor cells (fungiform, circumvallate, and foliate papillae). Embedded within each taste-related papilla are the taste buds—clusters of 30 to 100 gustatory receptor cells.
Conditioned Taste Aversion01:14

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Conditioned taste aversion, also known as sauce béarnaise syndrome, is a phenomenon in which an individual develops an aversion to a certain food taste following a negative experience, typically illness. This form of aversion is a type of classical conditioning in which the taste of the food (conditioned stimulus, CS) is associated with the experience of illness (unconditioned stimulus, UCS).
A notable characteristic of conditioned taste aversion is that it often requires only a single exposure...

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Related Experiment Video

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Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test
07:10

Taste Exam: A Brief and Validated Test

Published on: August 17, 2018

A test for measuring gustatory function.

Gregory Smutzer1, Si Lam, Lloyd Hastings

  • 1Laboratory of Gustatory Psychophysics, Biology Department, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA. smutzerg@temple.edu

The Laryngoscope
|June 6, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Edible taste strips offer a highly sensitive method for measuring human gustatory function. These novel strips can detect taste recognition thresholds more effectively than traditional aqueous tests.

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Area of Science:

  • Sensory science
  • Food science
  • Human physiology

Background:

  • Assessing human gustatory function is crucial for understanding taste perception.
  • Traditional methods for measuring taste thresholds can be cumbersome and less sensitive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of edible taste strips for measuring human gustatory function.
  • To compare the sensitivity of taste strips with conventional aqueous taste tests.

Main Methods:

  • Edible taste strips were fabricated from pullulan-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
  • The physical properties and tastant incorporation uniformity of the strips were analyzed.
  • Human sweet taste recognition thresholds were determined using taste strips and compared to aqueous tests.

Main Results:

  • The edible taste strips were clear, thin, and had no background taste.
  • Strips could uniformly incorporate up to 5% tastant.
  • Taste recognition thresholds for sweet taste were significantly lower (over one order of magnitude) using taste strips compared to aqueous tests.

Conclusions:

  • Edible taste strips represent a highly sensitive tool for human taste recognition threshold assessment.
  • This method offers a new, versatile approach for taste stimulus presentation in various settings.
  • Potential applications include laboratory, clinical, and remote taste function evaluations.