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Related Experiment Videos

In vitro activation of human complement by nitrogen bubbles.

K A Shastri1, G L Logue, C E Lundgren

  • 1Department of Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Buffalo, New York.

Undersea Biomedical Research
|May 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Nitrogen bubbles activate complement, a key immune response, potentially causing decompression sickness symptoms. This activation continues even after bubble exposure ceases, possibly explaining treatment failures.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Physiology
  • Diving Medicine

Background:

  • Decompression sickness (DCS) symptoms may stem from complement activation.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of DCS is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate complement activation induced by nitrogen bubbles in human sera.
  • To determine the role of red blood cells in bubble-induced complement activation.
  • To explore the potential of C3d as a biomarker for bubble-induced complement activation.

Main Methods:

  • Human sera, with and without red blood cells, were exposed to nitrogen bubbles.
  • Complement activation was measured by quantifying C5a des Arg generation.
  • Binding of activated C3 to red blood cells was assessed, and C3d was quantified.

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Main Results:

  • Nitrogen bubbles activated human complement, evidenced by C5a des Arg generation.
  • Complement activation persisted after cessation of bubble exposure.
  • Red blood cells enhanced bubble-induced complement activation and facilitated C3 binding.

Conclusions:

  • Nitrogen bubbles trigger complement activation, contributing to DCS pathophysiology.
  • Persistent complement activation may underlie treatment resistance in some DCS patients.
  • Quantifying red blood cell-bound C3d offers a potential method for assessing complement activation in DCS.