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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule01:10

Interpreting ¹H NMR Signal Splitting: The (n + 1) Rule

In the AX proton spin system, proton A can sense the two spin states of a coupled proton X, resulting in a doublet NMR signal with two peaks of equal (1:1) intensity. When proton A is coupled to two equivalent protons (AX2 spin system), the spin states of each X can be aligned with or against the external field, creating three possible scenarios. This results in a 1:2:1  triplet signal, where the central peak corresponds to the chemical shift of A and is twice as large or intense as the others.
Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse.

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Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
07:07

Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Published on: February 14, 2025

EPR oximetry in three spatial dimensions using sparse spin distribution.

Subhojit Som1, Lee C Potter, Rizwan Ahmad

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1272, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a faster 3D oxygen measurement technique using continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance imaging and a sparse paramagnetic probe. The method significantly reduces data acquisition time for improved oximetry.

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Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
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Tumor Hypoxia Assessment: In Vivo 3D Oxygen Imaging Through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
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Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping
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Electron Spin Resonance Micro-imaging of Live Species for Oxygen Mapping

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of oxygen partial pressure (oximetry) is crucial for understanding biological processes and disease.
  • Traditional oximetry methods can be time-consuming and lack high spatial resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, three-dimensional (3D) oximetry method using continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) imaging.
  • To reduce data acquisition time compared to conventional spectral-spatial imaging techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a particulate paramagnetic probe for sparse spin distribution within the region of interest.
  • Utilized magnetic gradient fields to encode spatial information and spectral linewidth.
  • Developed data processing to identify spin-containing voxels and estimate linewidths.

Main Results:

  • Achieved an order of magnitude reduction in data acquisition time.
  • Demonstrated the method's feasibility using a lithium octa-n-butoxy naphthalocyanine (LiNc-BuO) probe.
  • Successfully performed 3D oximetry with CW-EPR imaging.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed CW-EPR imaging method offers a significantly faster approach to 3D oximetry.
  • This technique holds promise for various applications requiring rapid, spatially resolved oxygen measurements.
  • The use of sparse spin probes and efficient data processing is key to the method's speed advantage.