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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and reactivity.

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Personalized Peptide Arrays for Detection of HLA Alloantibodies in Organ Transplantation
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A critical look at HLA-G.

Richard Apps1, Lucy Gardner, Ashley Moffett

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QP, UK.

Trends in Immunology
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G), a molecule on placental cells, may help the mother’s immune system accept the fetus. Evidence suggests HLA-G stimulates receptors on maternal immune cells, influencing the local immune response.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) is a nonclassical HLA class-I molecule expressed by placental trophoblast cells.
  • Its role in maternal-fetal immunological tolerance is hypothesized due to its location at the feto-maternal interface.
  • Despite numerous studies, consensus on HLA-G's tissue distribution and receptor interactions remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review existing literature on HLA-G.
  • To address controversies regarding HLA-G's function and distribution.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of HLA-G in maternal-fetal immune interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of published data on HLA-G.
  • Evaluation of evidence for HLA-G expression and function in placental and maternal tissues.

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  • Assessment of receptor binding studies, particularly concerning leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1).

    • Main Results:

    • The review highlights ongoing debates concerning HLA-G's precise tissue distribution and specific receptor interactions.
    • Compelling evidence supports the stimulation of leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) on decidual leukocytes by trophoblast-derived HLA-G.
    • This interaction provides a potential mechanism for fetal influence on the maternal immune response.

    Conclusions:

    • HLA-G plays a significant role in modulating the maternal immune response at the feto-maternal interface.
    • The interaction between trophoblast HLA-G and decidual leukocyte LILRB1 is a key pathway for establishing maternal immunological accommodation.
    • Further research is needed to fully resolve controversies but the presented evidence strongly supports HLA-G's function in immune tolerance.