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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
The two main cell types that...
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

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Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells
06:32

Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells

Published on: September 1, 2010

Medulloblastoma stem cells.

Xing Fan1, Charles G Eberhart

  • 1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. xingf@med.umichu.edu

Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
|June 10, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Medulloblastoma, a type of embryonic brain tumor, can arise from neural stem cells. Targeting key signaling pathways like Hedgehog and Notch shows promise in treating this cancer.

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Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells
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09:36

Live-Cell Imaging Assays to Study Glioblastoma Brain Tumor Stem Cell Migration and Invasion

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Cancer Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Medulloblastoma and other embryonic brain tumors share similarities with neural stem and progenitor cells.
  • Genetic alterations can transform neural stem cells into medulloblastoma.
  • Constitutive activation of Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways is frequently observed in these tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the cellular origins of medulloblastoma.
  • To identify key molecular pathways involved in medulloblastoma development.
  • To evaluate the therapeutic potential of targeting these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of human medulloblastoma samples.
  • Examination of murine transgenic models.
  • Pharmacologic blockade of Hedgehog and Notch signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests both multipotent cerebellar stem cells and lineage-restricted progenitors can be transformed into medulloblastoma.
  • Activated Wnt, Hedgehog, and Notch pathways are crucial for tumor initiation and propagation.
  • Pharmacologic inhibition of Hedgehog and Notch pathways suppressed medulloblastoma growth in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • Medulloblastoma originates from neural stem and progenitor cells.
  • Targeting activated Hedgehog and Notch pathways offers a potential therapeutic strategy for medulloblastoma.
  • This approach may effectively target the cancer stem cell population responsible for tumor growth.