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Related Concept Videos

Symmetry Elements in a Crystal01:27

Symmetry Elements in a Crystal

Crystal symmetry operations are isometric transformations that map objects onto indistinguishable copies while preserving distances, angles, and volumes. The simplest symmetry operation is translation, which shifts the entire infinite crystal lattice parallelly by a translation vector.Crystallographic rotations involve rotations by an angle of 2π/n around an axis without changing the positions of points on the axis. It is called the rotational axis of the symmetry, denoted by n. The combination...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
Crystallographic Point Groups01:29

Crystallographic Point Groups

Crystallographic point groups represent the various symmetry operations that can occur within crystals. They are unique in that at least one point will always remain unchanged during these actions. For instance, consider the triclinic system. This system, devoid of any axis or plane of symmetry, aligns with the C1 and Ci point groups.where Cᵢ is characterized solely by a center of inversion.Contrastingly, the monoclinic system introduces an element of symmetry. This system with one plane and...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects01:25

Imperfections in Crystal Structure: Point, Line and Plane Defects

A perfect crystal, in theory, has a uniform structure with the same unit cell and lattice points throughout. However, any deviation from this periodic arrangement is known as an imperfection or defect. These defects can be categorized into three types: point, line, and plane defects.Point defects occur when there is a deviation from the ideal due to missing atoms, displaced atoms, or additional atoms. These imperfections might occur due to imperfect packing during crystallization or because of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Waveguide coupler in three-dimensional photonic crystal.

Rong-Juan Liu1, Zhi-Yuan Li, Fei Zhou

  • 1Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 603, Beijing 100080, China.

Optics Express
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel waveguide coupler was successfully designed and built within a 3D woodpile photonic crystal. This device demonstrates efficient energy transfer, validated by microwave measurements.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities
11:08

Fabrication And Characterization Of Photonic Crystal Slow Light Waveguides And Cavities

Published on: November 30, 2012

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor
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Fabrication of 1-D Photonic Crystal Cavity on a Nanofiber Using Femtosecond Laser-induced Ablation
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Fabrication of 1-D Photonic Crystal Cavity on a Nanofiber Using Femtosecond Laser-induced Ablation

Published on: February 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Photonics
  • Microwave Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photonic crystals offer unique electromagnetic wave manipulation capabilities.
  • Waveguide couplers are essential components for directing and managing signal propagation in microwave systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and fabricate a waveguide coupler.
  • To investigate its energy transfer properties within a three-dimensional woodpile photonic crystal structure.

Main Methods:

  • Design and realization of a waveguide coupler in a 3D woodpile photonic crystal.
  • Measurement of transmission spectrum using an Agilent microwave network analyzer.
  • Analysis of internal and surface field distributions.

Main Results:

  • The designed waveguide coupler was successfully realized.
  • Good energy transfer properties were experimentally confirmed.
  • Transmission spectrum and field distributions validated the device's performance.

Conclusions:

  • The 3D woodpile photonic crystal is a viable platform for microwave waveguide couplers.
  • The fabricated coupler exhibits effective energy transfer, suitable for microwave applications.