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Related Concept Videos

Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
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Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Planar Rigid-Body Motion01:22

Planar Rigid-Body Motion

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Postural regulation and stability with acoustic input in normal-hearing subjects.

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[Postural regulation and stability with acoustic input in normal hearing subjects. German version].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
08:12

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control

Published on: September 11, 2019

[Specific riding styles are associated with specific effects on bodily posture control].

R Schwesig1, K Sannemüller, R Kolditz

  • 1Department Sportwissenschaft, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale. rene.schwesig@sport.uni-halle.de

Sportverletzung Sportschaden : Organ Der Gesellschaft Fur Orthopadisch-Traumatologische Sportmedizin
|June 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Postural control in horseback riders is most effective in dressage and vaulting disciplines, and least effective in show jumping. This study highlights the varied impact of equestrian sports on rider balance and stability.

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
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Published on: September 11, 2019

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings
06:21

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Published on: July 26, 2022

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses
12:18

An Instrumented Pull Test to Characterize Postural Responses

Published on: April 6, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics and Motor Control
  • Equine Sports Science
  • Human Movement Analysis

Context:

  • Assessing body posture control in horseback riders is complex due to multimodal influences and varying equine paces.
  • Limited real-world data exists on the specific postural subsystems engaged during different equestrian disciplines.
  • Understanding postural demands is crucial for rider training and injury prevention.

Purpose:

  • To identify the postural subsystems involved in balance control during equestrian activities.
  • To quantify the activity levels of these subsystems in dressage, show jumping, vaulting, and versatility riding.
  • To compare postural control effectiveness across different riding disciplines.

Summary:

  • 144 riders and 38 controls were assessed using the interactive balance system (IBS) to measure spectral power in frequency bands and calculate heel-to-toe ratio (HTR), synchronization of feet (SYNC), and global stability index (STAB).
  • Balance control was most effective in dressage and vaulting riders, and least effective in show jumping competitors.
  • Significant differences in HTR and SYNC were found between riders and non-riders, but spectral analysis showed higher power in certain bands for dressage riders compared to other disciplines (not controls).

Impact:

  • Dressage and vaulting demonstrate a positive effect on rider postural stability and control.
  • Show jumping competitors exhibit less effective balance control compared to other disciplines.
  • The findings provide insights into the specific biomechanical demands of various equestrian sports, informing training and performance optimization.